Low rates of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance in Botswana.
Journal article
Authors / Editors
Research Areas
No matching items found.
Publication Details
Author list: Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Zahralban-Steele M, Maruapula D, Nkhisang T, Mokaleng B, Mohammed T, Ditlhako TR, Bareng OT, Mokgethi TP, van Widenfelt E, Pretorius-Holme M, Mine MO, Raizes E, Yankinda EK, Wirth KE, Gaolathe T, Makhema JM, Lockman S, Essex M, Novitsky V
Publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Publication year: 2019
Journal: AIDS (0269-9370)
Journal acronym: AIDS
Volume number: 33
Issue number: 6
Start page: 1073
End page: 1082
Number of pages: 10
ISSN: 0269-9370
eISSN: 1473-5571
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
Abstract
BACKGROUND\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSION\nScale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and introduction of treat-all strategy necessitates population-level monitoring of acquired HIV drug resistance (ADR) and pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) mutations.\nBlood samples were collected from 4973 HIV-positive individuals residing in 30 communities across Botswana who participated in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP) in 2013-2018. HIV sequences were obtained by long-range HIV genotyping. Major drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) and surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) were analyzed according to the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Viral sequences were screened for G-to-A hypermutations. A threshold of 2% was used for hypermutation adjustment. Viral suppression was considered at HIV-1 RNA load ≤400 copies/ml.\nAmong 4973 participants with HIV-1C sequences, ART data were available for 4927 (99%) including 3858 (78%) on ART. Among those on ART, 3435 had viral load data and 3297 (96%) were virologically suppressed. Among 1069 (22%) HIV-infected individuals not on ART, we found NRTI-associated and NNRTI-associated SDRMs were found in 1.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-2.5%) and 2.9% (95% CI 2.0-4.2%), respectively. Of the 138 (4%) of individuals who had detectable HIV-1 RNA, we found NRTI-associated and NNRTI-associated drug resistance mutations in 16% (95% CI 10-25%) and 33% (95% CI 25-42%), respectively.\nWe found a low prevalence of NRTI-associated and NNRTI-associated PDR-resistance mutations among residents of rural and peri-urban communities across Botswana. However, individuals on ART with detectable virus had ADR NRTI and NNRTI mutations above 15%.
Keywords
No matching items found.
Documents
No matching items found.
